During the Thirty Years' War, the French attacked in 1638 (under Cardinal Richelieu) and again in 1647. The French made futile attempts against the town between 15. From 1384, St-Omer was part of the Burgundian Netherlands, from 1482 of the Habsburg Netherlands and from 1581 to 1678 of the Spanish Netherlands. In 1340 a large battle was fought in the town's suburbs between an Anglo-Flemish army and a French one under Eudes IV, Duke of Burgundy, in which the Anglo-Flemish force was forced to withdraw. Despite the political separation for the next 170 years, the city remained part of the economic network of Flanders. Ferdinand did not take this lying down, and allied with Emperor Otto IV and John, King of England, he battled Philip II at Bouvines, but was defeated. In 1214 Philip II of France captured Baldwin's daughter Joan and her husband Ferdinand, Count of Flanders and forced them to sign the Treaty of Pont-à-Vendin, in which Artois was yielded to France. After the mysterious death of Count Baldwin I, the County of Flanders was weakened. Later on the city lost its leading position in the textile industry to Bruges. In 1127 the town received a communal charter from the count, William Clito, becoming the first town in West Flanders with city rights. In 1071 Philip I and the teenage Count Arnulf III of Flanders were defeated at St Omer by Arnulf's uncle and former protector, Robert the Frisian, who subsequently became the Count of Flanders until his death in 1093.Īlong with its textile industry, St-Omer flourished in the 12th and 13th century. In 932 Arnulf of Flanders conquered the County of Artois and Saint-Omer ( Sint-Omaars in Dutch) became part of the County of Flanders for the next three centuries. Situated on the borders of territories frequently disputed by French, Flemish, English and Spaniards, St Omer for most of its history continued to be subject to sieges and military invasions. Ten years later the town and monastery had built fortified walls and were safe from their attack. The Normans laid the place waste about 860 and 880. In the 9th century, the village that grew up round the monasteries took the name of St Omer. Rivalry and dissension, which lasted till the French Revolution, soon sprang up between the two monasteries, becoming especially virulent when in 1559 St Omer became a bishopric and Notre-Dame was raised to the rank of cathedral. Omer, bishop of Thérouanne, in the 7th century established the Abbey of Saint Bertin, from which that of Notre-Dame was an offshoot. Saint-Omer first appeared in the writings during the 7th century under the name of Sithiu (Sithieu or Sitdiu), around the Saint-Bertin abbey founded on the initiative of Audomar, (Odemaars or Omer). Below its walls, the Aa connects with the Neufossé Canal, which ends at the river Lys. The canalised section of the river Aa begins at Saint-Omer, reaching the North Sea at Gravelines in northern France. The town is named after Saint Audomar, who brought Christianity to the area. It is 68 km (42 mi) west-northwest of Lille on the railway to Calais, and is located in the Artois province. Saint-Omer ( French pronunciation: ( listen) West Flemish: Sint-Omaars) is a commune and sub-prefecture of the Pas-de-Calais department in France. 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km 2 (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries.
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